Word: africanism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...pass which must be signed by some white authority every time a native changes jobs or stays in another town for more than 72 hours. Recently the government of Hendrik Verwoerd, going beyond the black regimentation of his predecessors, decided to enforce more strictly the rule that all South African women over 16 should carry passes. All told, 900,000 "reference books" had been issued, and though the campaign met with protests and occasional violence, it was not until the government tried to extend its policy last month to the big city of Johannesburg, that it found it had seriously...
...washerwomen. Please give us time to pay our fines." Next day 248 more went on trial. But in spite of the government's efforts, the black women's campaign against carrying the hated pass seems only to be beginning. Ex-Chief Albert Luthuli, President General of the African National Congress, called upon men to join the resistance. "The men of South Africa," said he, "will not stand by and see their women suffer the indignities that they have experienced under the pass laws...
...bottom of this outburst of African against African last week lay a deep-seated envy and distrust. All through France's West African territories the best positions in government, business and industry are held by industrious citizens from Togoland and Dahomey. Nearly 100% of the Ivory Coast fisheries are in their hands. As more and more Frenchmen leave technical and administrative jobs, Dahomeyans and Togolanders win the competitions to replace them. Explained a French businessman: "The truth is that the people from Dahomey and Togoland are more intelligent, better trained and educated, more disciplined and harder working than...
Another loser in the riots was the Ivory Coast's Political Boss Felix Houphouet-Boigny, who lives in Paris as the only black African in Charles de Gaulle's Cabinet. He has long ruled the Ivory Coast as a personal fief, and when he ordered it to vote yes in the De Gaulle referendum, 99% of the voters obligingly did so. As he prepared last week to fly home, Houphouet-Boigny sent a message ahead of him that was read to a public meeting...
...could well hinge on who comes out on top. Last week, even as the National Planning Committee of Independence opened its contest for the design of a national flag (first prize: $300), many Nigerians had grave reservations about what lay ahead. For all its jubilation, Nigeria's West African Pilot felt obliged to warn: "Independence without difficulties is a dream of Utopia...