Word: africanism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Belgians was the capture in Africa of two small and scenically beautiful German territories on the eastern border of the vast Belgian Congo. Thereafter, first under a League of Nations mandate and then under the U.N., Belgium continued to rule Ruanda and Urundi through a master tribe of willowy African giants named the Watutsis. The Watutsis had been for four centuries the lords of the Land of the Mountains of the Moon, and there seemed little reason why they should not continue to be so. But last week, this convenient arrangement lay in ruin. "Belgium did a very bad business...
Over the centuries, the pattern hardly changed-until the tides of African nationalism began to lap even at the borders of the Land of the Mountains of the Moon. Though the Belgians never seriously interfered with the old order, the schools they opened gave the Muhutus some new notions about their old masters. In 1957 the Muhutus even formed their own political party. The Watutsis in turn also organized, began badgering Brussels to give them autonomy at once while they still had the Muhutus firmly under their thumb. The last thing they wanted was for Brussels to push through...
With that he declared to Legco the imminent end of the official state of emergency under which Kenya has been ruled since the days of 1952, when the bloody Mau Mau uprising gripped the East African colony. For the revolt-infected tribes-the Kikuyu, Embu and Meru-it would mean the end of the passbook system that rigidly limited their travel, and the end of forced communal labor and mandatory residence in villages. For 3,000 prisoners still behind bars or barbed wire for revolutionary activity, it would mean freedom under a sweeping amnesty program; only a few score...
...sugar cane, mine the gold, and fell the mighty dyewood (brazil) that gave the country its name, slavers imported sturdy Negroes by the boatload from Africa. Greatest concentration of slave labor was in Salvador, capital of Bahia on Brazil's northeast bulge, which even today is the most African city (pop. 417,000) in the New World...
Gods into Saints. Bahia's African folk tradition has survived over the centuries through adaptation, absorbing lesser cultures when possible, going underground when necessary. South American Indian pottery skills and myths were taken over wholesale by the Negro slaves. But to protect their African tribal gods, they resorted to subterfuge. They gave them Christian cover names (Oxossi, the god of hunters, became St. George), then told their masters that they were worshiping the saints, but in their own way. This African subculture still claims 10 million followers for its religious dance rites, has permeated Brazilian culture with its music...