Word: africanization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Portuguese guerrillas, are virtually at war. The two soldiers were curious about the invitation from the other side. They handed their weapons to a comrade and strolled across the border to chat amicably with a Zambian immigration officer. To their chagrin, they found themselves arrested-and sentenced by an African magistrate in a lower court to a fine of $2,800 or two years in prison for entering Zambia illegally...
...uproar brought into sharp focus the problem of judicial independence in Africa. The concept of an autonomous judiciary rankles many Africans. In Zambia, as in other African nations, justice at the local level is administered by the tribal chief; the concept of a separate court is alien. Moreover, growing nationalism creates impatience with anything that seems to block political and economic goals...
...problem is complicated by racial overtones. In many of the new African nations, including Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda, there are not enough qualified black judges to fill the benches in the higher courts. As a result, most of the senior judges are white -though many of them, like Skinner, have become citizens of the countries in which they serve. According to present standards, black law students, now in the various national universities, will not be eligible to become judges for another five years...
Whatever the solutions to these questions, the African bishops who met with Pope Paul made it clear that the answers would have a uniquely African flavor. Speaking to the prelates last week, Upper Volta's Paul Cardinal Zoun-grana pointed to the Africanization of liturgy as a good example. "Rather than a primitive outlook," said the cardinal, the rituals "represent an African way of thinking and way of life." Pope Paul went even further, telling the bishops on his arrival that they could give the Church "the precious and original contribution of negritude which she needs particularly...
...Protestant and Anglican churches in Africa today claim a total membership of 22 million, not including nearly 7 million members of more than 5,000 independent African sects, some of them only semi-Christian...