Word: africanization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...flew into Johannesburg last June for a four-day visit frostily ignored by the South African government, New York's Senator Robert Kennedy told the welcoming crowd: "We shall not always agree." That was an understatement, at least as far as the apartheid policymakers were concerned. Last week there was absolutely no agreement when Bobby announced he plans to return next summer at the invitation of Johannesburg's South African Foundation, a private businessmen's group. "Nothing of the sort," snapped a foundation official. "We never invited Kennedy here, and we have no intention of doing...
...near-total retreat from the former demand that majority rule be effected before independence would be granted. Nevertheless, Wilson was able to parlay the policy into a major diplomatic victory. Observers had predicted that last month's Commonwealth meetings in London would collapse under pressure from militant African representatives. Instead, Commonwealth leaders issued a joint communique in which they affirmed the Six Principles, demanded that Smith submit, and threatened to request that the United Nations enforce mandatory economic sanctions if he refused...
Smith has shown sufficient interest during the past week to spark speculation about terms of a settlement -- at least in many African capitals. There are rumors that the former governor, Sir Humphrey Gibbs, might reopen his office as a symbolic gesture. The nation might then be granted independence and be given 50 years to make the transition to majority rule. The rumors of such an arrangement have of course angered a number of African leaders...
...clear that in order for U.N. economic sanctions to be effective, South African trade with Rhodesia will have to be stopped. If the Vorster government proves recalcitrant, a U.N. force would have to patrol the South African coast, inspect ships, and allow through only what is deemed essential for South Africa. It might even be necessary to clamp down on railway traffic. Such a project would be frightening for Vorster to consider. A successful economic boycott of Rhodesia might convince the world community that something can be done about South Africa...
...Vorster becomes worried, he may discourage Smith from relying heavily on continued South African support. That in turn would probably force Smith to the negotiating table. And the British meanwhile continue trying to make negotiations as palatable as possible, for at least as long as Wilson can control African dissent...