Word: africanization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...rubber-stamp marks in his passbook. He needs one stamp to hold his job, another to maintain "temporary residence" in his African township, still others to allow his wife and children to live with him. If he loses his job, he must apply to the police for a stamped permit to seek work. If he wants to visit relatives in another city, he needs a stamp before he can get on the train. The government can cancel any of his stamps at any time for any reason, move him far away from his home, job and family. Above...
...Bills. In its inherent madness, apartheid breeds more apartheid. Recent government edicts have ordered professional associations to expel African doctors and lawyers and have imposed segregation on charitable institutions. Before the current session of Parliament is a bill to further restrict the voting rights of the Cape Coloreds by allowing the government to select the candidates for their four white representatives in Parliament...
Despite the Bantustans, the pass laws and the massive police organization, Africans are still flooding into the cities looking for work. The African townships surrounding Johannesburg now have a population of 650,000 (v. the city's 450,000 whites). And, for all the restrictions, the regime does not seriously try to stop the flood. The whites cannot get along without them...
Verwoerd often boasts that the blacks of South Africa are better off than anywhere else on the continent. Economically he is right. What with decent paychecks (minimum daily wage for an unskilled laborer is $2.80) and easy credit, many an urban African can afford to buy imbuia wood furniture for his dining room, neat school uniforms for his children, and in some cases even a car for himself. Every year countless thousands of blacks from nearby countries flood into the republic looking for work-and the bright lights of the city life...
Verwoerd's regime has spent millions of dollars moving Africans out of Johannesburg's squalid shantytown "locations" and into new government housing in townships farther from the city. It has also built hundreds of schools, can point to the fact that the African literacy rate has nearly doubled in the past decade. But, points out a Johannesburg professor, "relative to its resources, South Africa does less for the African than any other country...