Word: africanization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...failure of the independence negotiations between Britain and Rhodesia in London last week and reports coming out of that Central African country make it apparent that a unilateral declaration of independence by Rhodesia's white minority government can be expected almost any day. In the small hours of the morning, police and army units will close off the crowded African suburbs surrounding the capital of Salisbury, a state of preventive emergency will be declared, and Britain's Governor, Sir Humphrey Gibbs, will be placed under house arrest. What follows--in a land where black Africans outnumber whites...
...have crushing effects on the Rhodesian economy. But since the crops are already sold for this year, and since Rhodesia can expect financial support from racist South Africa, the effects of economic sanctions would be slow in making themselves felt. Still worse, France (which has picked up the South African arms trade dropped by Britain and the U.S.) and Japan appear eager to enter into the commercial void...
Lyrics are often the most serious problem. Zambia had no trouble deciding on an ancient African air for its melody, but needed verses which would rhyme in English and in its four major tribal tongues. To help the 250 entrants in its anthem contest remember the tune, the government ordered all Zambia radio stations to play it for three weeks. In Nigeria, where 250 languages are spoken, and in Ghana, where there are 56, the governments gave up and called for lyrics only in English; the anthems of most of former French Africa are written only in French...
Bits & Pieces. Most new African states have passed over their own rich native music to copy the marches and hymns of Europe. "I keep hearing bits and pieces from the Marche Consulaire," says one French African hand. The Brazzaville Congo's La Congolaise is vaguely reminiscent of La Marseillaise, and differs from the Debout Congolais of the Leopoldville Congo more in detail than in spirit: "Congolese, arise," sing the Brazzavillians, whereas Moise Tshombe's people are called upon to "Arise, Congolese...
They used to be the trademark of African virgins looking for husbands, or European grandes dames who did not want to lose the family jewels. Now pierced ears are the latest craze among U.S. teen-age girls...