Word: africanization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Harvard turned down in 1953 a Ford Foundation grant to establish an African studies program here, high sources in the History Department have revealed...
...acters were produced in November, and now the skillful and creative Negro Ensemble Company (TIME, Jan. 12) has undertaken his full-length Kongi's Harvest. In their hands, it is a considerably better production than it is a play, although there is some interest in seeing how an African writes about Africa's No. 1 problem: turning tribes into nations...
...Uhuru," independence, in 1963 ushered in a new Kenya. Africans became the wielders of political power; Asians were given the choice between Kenyan citizenship or the full rights of British subjects. Some Asians, particularly the Ishmaeli community, put their hopes in an integrated society and applied for Kenyan citizenship. But the majority of Asians, roughly 100,000 out of about 160,000, took the British option. With vivid memories of the slaughter of Arabs on the nearby island of Zanzibar in 1962, they feared future instances of African racism and xenophobia. Also, it was clear that the sluggish economy could...
...Asians left Kenya during the first years of Uhuru, since Africanization of jobs took place slowly. Only last autumn did political pressure to place Africans in the main fields of Asian activity lead to new restrictions. Determined to break the Asian hold on trade and semi-skilled jobs, the African-dominated Government required all non-citizens to have working permits and all traders and merchants to have licenses. Discrimination figured in many cases--permits were granted slowly, often for very short periods, and the awarding of licenses openly favored Africans, even if the Asians were citizens. The Government's solution...
...Asians. Many of them fully expected to return to India or Pakistan. The younger and more educated hoped to remain in Kenya while they could, then move to Britain or other Commonwealth countries. The Asians who wished to leave are now stateless or at best reluctant residents of Kenya. African animosity is certain to increase, and ironically more Asians will leave in the long run than if the British had done nothing...