Word: africanizing
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...million whites, and it is enforced only through massive and brutal police powers. But to Verwoerd, it is not simply a tool to keep the black man in his place. He sees it as a creative policy intended to allow the Bantu to develop as a true African instead of becoming an imitation white man. "Separation does not envision oppression," he proclaims...
Keystone of the whole structure is partition of South Africa into white and black states. In Verwoerd's grand scheme, the African tribal reserves will be turned into eight separate "Bantustans," which will eventually be granted full independence as nations. "In the homelands the Bantu is No. 1 and the white...
Both Worlds. Verwoerd accepts the responsibility for helping the Bantustans get on their feet. He has already spent millions of dollars to develop their agriculture and improve their roads. He is also encouraging white industrialists to build factories on their borders. That way, he explains, African workers can work for the whites by day, return to their homelands at night, and have the best of both possible worlds...
Today the Transkei is anything but independent. The South African government furnishes most of its civil servants and most of its budget. It is virtually without industry, its soil is eroded and impoverished, its roads little more than tracks for the oxcarts that travel them. Its women wear blankets redder than the dusty earth, its old men sit on the ground in front of their huts smoking long-stemmed pipes. And its young men leave as soon as they can to seek work in the white cities...
...intimidation reaches everywhere. African political parties are banned, their leaders in prison or isolation. The regime can hold anyone for 180 days without charge, indefinitely prolong the sentence of any political prisoner. It can also order anyone too critical of its policies confined to his home for years, forbid newspapers to quote him on any subject. Backing up the laws is a tough, efficient police force, plus a military and paramilitary organization specifically trained to put down insurrection. Top cop is Justice Minister Johannes Balthazar Vorster, 50, a devout Nationalist whose background includes two years in a South African internment...