Word: africanizing
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Harvard was the original owner of the Boyden Observatory when it was moved, in 1927, from Peru to Bloemfontein, in the Orange Free State -- what one South African described as the Mississippi of South Africa. In 1955 a cooperative was formed in which Harvard shared the Observatory with Northern Ireland, Ireland, Sweden, West Germany, and Belgium. On July 1, 1966 Harvard transfered its administrative and logistic responsibilities to the Smithsonian Astro-Physical Observatory which is closely linked with the Harvard Observatory...
Carlton W. Tillinghaft, assistant director for administration at the Smithsonian Observatory, said that advice on racial issues came from the State Department. "If they asked us to pull out, we would, but they have not instructed us to put pressure on South African apartheid," Tillinghaft said...
...right, Tillinghaft admitted, "it's an open question, but I don't think that we could play an active role in these matters." Tillinghaft said that although apartheid was a topic of debate at the council of Boyden affiliates, "we have done nothing to try to change South African social policy...
There are no plans to change this policy of non-intervention towards South African apartheid, Tillinghaft continued, "but this is up to the State Department, and I wouldn't rule out the possibility of a change in policy...
...issues which emerged from the conflicting opinions of Usher and Tillinghaft was what the possible reaction of the South African government might be if the Observatory made any attempt to desegregate. Usher said that "they probably wouldn't kick us out because the Observatory is a feather in the cap of the local government. the Observatory is a useful link with Europe and the United States...