Word: africanizing
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...side is tribalism: the tenacious loyalty of 140 million Africans to primitive subgroups that represent certainty amid bewildering social and economic upheavals. On the other side is nationalism: the heady hope of creating modern states that will lead to African affluence and power. Until African leaders unify divisive tribes and build strong economies, the dream cannot be attained. Over most of Africa, false expectations of instant progress have incited unrest and power drives by rival tribes. Exploited by ambitious politicians, tribalism has become the chief complication of almost every major African conflict...
...tribalism is not only the black man's burden; it is also the ground of his being, and therein lies its strength. Nearly every Black African, even the most elegant minister in Savile Row suits, with a Mercedes in his garage, is a member of one of the continent's 6,000 tribes. However cosmopolitan he may be, he still derives his primary identity from his tribe, together with a loyalty toward his fellow tribesmen that is as fierce as is his utter disregard for any outsider. Makonde tribesmen still slit their cheeks to identify themselves to the world...
...people sipping beer in a Long Island bar on a hot afternoon last week. Like them, he was relaxing from work, but his line of business was perhaps slightly more demanding than theirs. McGuire had just returned from two months of flying arms and food into the beleaguered African state of Biafra...
...little fear into the other side," he says. Last April, McGuire helped to ferry Col. "Black Jack" Schramme's white mercenaries out of the Congo to Rwanda, and he says that even the mercenaries, by some accounts the most unpleasant white men around--felt a little bitterness at the African fighting style. "They (the mercenaries) feel that they're getting paid to kill a man. Okay, that's their business, so they'll kill him, but they won't tease him first; cut him into little pieces first...
...hijacked and flown to Madrid; a second was impounded when it made a forced landing on Malta (when its flight plan said it was going to New York). A third crashed in the jungle killing all aboard, and a fourth was blown up in Bisau, reportedly by a South African who is now in his native country enjoying a $100,000 peward from Nigeria...