Word: africanizing
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...African Americans have been debating the merits of separatism vs. integration for a hundred years, since W.E.B. Du Bois took Booker T. Washington to task for saying that the races could best work together apart, like the fingers on a hand. The argument flares and dampens but never dies. So what's surprising is not that it's flaring up again but that it's flaring up in the N.A.A.C.P., where integration has been the defining principle since the organization was founded by blacks and whites...
...these dissenting voices in the N.A.A.C.P. reflect a growing view in the broader African-American community that resources poured into desegregation might be better spent on improving the predominantly nonwhite schools most black children attend. In the past few years black school officials from Seattle, Washington, to the suburbs of Washington, D.C., have called for the end of--or simply ended--busing. That's because a new generation of African Americans sees the whole enterprise of desegregation coming to nothing as whites move to suburbs that the courts have put beyond the reach of busing orders. Only a third...
Sept. 15, 1963, was Youth Day at Birmingham's Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Four African-American girls in white dresses and shoes had left Bible class early and were about to go upstairs to help run the adult service. But before they got there, a timed-explosive device planted under the church steps ripped massive holes in the side of the building, sending stone, glass and metal flying in every direction. Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Addie Mae Collins and Carol Robertson--ages 11 to 14--died in the blast. Even during the bloodiest days of racial conflict in the South...
...York City. In 1965, as her husband was shot repeatedly, Shabazz, pregnant with twins, flung herself over her daughters. Her first impulse, to protect the children, never wavered. A devout Muslim, she earned a doctorate in education administration, and embodied her husband's message of dignity for African Americans...
...African elephants that exist today may be wiped out by lifting the seven-year ban on selling "white gold" [ENVIRONMENT, June 16]. Allowing legal trade with even one country, Japan, for example, will inevitably lead to the poaching of these beautiful creatures and to their gradual disappearance. Why can't we let them be in the wild? I agree with the U.S. in opposing even limited ivory sales. DURGA DEVI RAMANAN Pittsford...