Word: africas
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...fashionable new choice. The non-academic purveyors of fashion seldom do. Robert Paarlberg is Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College and a Visiting Professor of Government at Harvard University. He is the author of “Starved for Science: How Biotechnology is Being Kept Out of Africa...
...changing nature of kinship networks, such as the growth in blended families – whether due to changing divorce patterns in the developed world or AIDS killing off parents in Africa – also has implications for the network of obligations and entitlements within families. Changing kinship systems in modern American society (with complex mixtures of remarried and cohabiting couples, half-siblings, step-siblings, and so on) are having profound implications for care giving, retirement, and bequests. Who cares for Grandma? Who gets her money when she dies...
...Africa, a continent of nearly one billion people with the world’s highest mortality rate at every age group and from nearly every cause, has no in-depth, large-scale longitudinal studies of its people’s health. No studies similar to Harvard University’s Nurses’ Health Study, which has studied lifestyle factors of 121,700 female nurses for 33 years, down to what they drink and eat, how much they exercise or smoke, and detailing their family and reproductive histories exist. Harvard, with its unmatched experience in this and other large cohort...
...This lack represents a critical information vacuum in Africa, a continent being hit with a double dose of disease. Infections including tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS have been seen as Africa’s major health burden. But now, in addition to these, there is a rising epidemic of chronic, non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, mental illnesses, trauma, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Chronic diseases are projected to cause more deaths in the region than infectious diseases...
...even worse. Taking into account population, we estimate that for every African enrolled in a cohort study, there are 190 Europeans and 1,000 Americans enrolled in cohorts. We do not doubt that smoking, obesity, high salt intake, sedentary lifestyle, and pollution will have similar adverse health effects in Africa as they do in other places. Why then do we need cohort studies in Africa? We suggest at least five reasons. First, there may be unpredictable interactions between the simultaneous infectious and non-communicable disease epidemics unique to Africa. Second, it is important to determine population specific disease burdens...