Word: afterbirths
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Poliomyelitis viruses for vaccine production can be grown in human afterbirth, which may replace monkey kidneys as the basis of production-line tissue cultures, suggested three University of California researchers. Cells from the inner layer (amnion) of the placenta grow at about the same rate as monkey kidney cells and in the same chemical food baths, reported Elsa M. Zitcer and colleagues. Advantages: less danger of sensitization, and freer supply of placentas, since India is sensitive about continued export of the revered monkeys...
...theory is right, it goes far to explain why poliomyelitis has been a serious problem in Southern California, with its high living standards and good sanitation, and rare amid the poverty and open sewers of Mexico's Lower California. Most U.S. babies, while enjoying their brief afterbirth immunities, are so carefully guarded against infection that they have no chance to develop active immunities of their own. Whereas Mexican babies in Lower California presumably are exposed to polio, and develop lifelong "active" immunities...