Word: aguinaldo
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...this took place because of an old Spanish custom brought up to date. For years, Venezuelan employers gave their workers a Christmas aguinaldo, an annual bonus, sometimes amounting to as much as two weeks' pay. In 1936, President Eleazar Lopez Contreras turned the aguinaldo principle into law. He decreed that employers must split 10% of their profits among their workers...
General Douglas MacArthur politely shook hands with old General Emilio Aguinaldo (76), who, for independence, fought MacArthur's father in 1899. Now Filipinos had their independence. Said a Filipino jeep driver: "It feels good." The Manila Bulletin greeted sovereignty with a reservation that older, larger nations might find appropriate: "It is for the Philippines, no less than every other country which wishes to preserve peace, to sacrifice a portion of sovereignty, that is to say, the privilege of doing as it pleases, in the common good...
Quezon's Problem. Forty years earlier, a young guerrilla under Aguinaldo, Quezon himself had surrendered on Bataan to U.S. forces. According to one of the most candid chapters in The Good Fight, this veteran of another Bataan defeat soon decided that the situation under MacArthur was hopeless. At one point he asked himself whether "any government has the right to demand loyalty from its citizens" if it could no longer protect them. At another he considered giving himself up to the Japanese-not, he protests, out of disloyalty but because, in a way he never makes clear, he thought...
...dedicated to the military life. By now he wanted to be a civil engineer. But many of his comrades were re-enlisting for service in the Philippines. After four months, Krueger was back in the army as a private. Soon he was on his way to fight Emilio Aguinaldo's Insurrectos...
Sergeant's Surprise. With Company M of the 12th Infantry, Private Krueger took part in a 25-mile advance from Angeles to Tarlac, Aguinaldo's capital. But Aguinaldo had fled, and the 12th pursued him vainly all the way through Luzon's central plain to Dagupan on Lingayen Gulf. To the Madison Courier Krueger wrote excellent descriptions of the campaign, explaining: "Undoubtedly you see a good deal written about . . . the Philippines, but I thought, although many professors may have their theories about these islands, 'a fool here knows more than six wise men at home...