Word: aide
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...figures, however, make the Japanese look considerably more openhanded than they actually are. Tokyo's growing generosity is largely a function of the yen's almost twofold appreciation against the greenback since 1985. According to the OECD, Tokyo's aid level in 1986 increased 48.4% in dollar terms but only 4.8% in Japanese currency. Moreover, Japanese development assistance has traditionally included a higher percentage of loans, as opposed to outright grants, than has U.S. aid...
...Tokyo's largesse is to counter U.S. complaints that Japan does not shoulder its fair share of international obligations. Japanese aid in 1986 amounted to 0.29% of gross national product, less than the OECD average of 0.35% but ahead of the 0.23% rate for the U.S. But while the U.S. sinks 6% of GNP into defense spending, much of which goes to protecting allies and international sea lanes, Japan devotes only...
...Japanese program began modestly after World War II as reparations paid to Southeast Asian countries ravaged by the Imperial Army. In the 1960s, admits a Japanese official, "loan aid was primarily aimed at promoting exports and securing raw materials." Only by the 1970s did much of Japan's aid begin to flow into loans and grants for such projects as port facilities in the Philippines, highways in Indonesia and hospitals in Bolivia...
...addition to such altruistic motives as helping Third World development and atoning for its World War II guilt, Japan's almsgiving is prompted by enlightened self-interest. "If you want to see which countries are most important politically to Japan, just look down the list at how much aid they spend in each one," says Nathaniel Thayer, an expert in Asian studies at Johns Hopkins University. About two-thirds of Tokyo's assistance goes to Asia, a proportion that reflects its stake in the region as both a market for Japanese products and a source of cheap labor...
...Israelis -- and P.L.O. Chairman Yasser Arafat -- should know by now, the intifadeh seems to be running itself. Arafat and other Arab leaders have lent considerable rhetorical support to the uprising, as well as an undetermined amount and of financial aid. Just last week Arafat and Syrian President Hafez Assad held a surprise meeting in Damascus to assert their joint symbolic control over the uprising. The encounter was their first since 1983, whenAssad sent the Palestinian leader into exile after a long feud. "There are no differences among the one family," said Arafat after the meeting. "The outcome ((of the session...