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...lack of scholarships is not the only hinderance coaches face when trying to recruit athletes. The student-athletes must be expected to perform in the classroom as well as on the court. To facilitate the determination of whether the student is a legitimate Ivy League student, an Academic Index (AI)--composed of class rank, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Achievement Test scores--has been devised for athletes. Anyone falling below the cutoff point of 161 may not be recruited by Ivy coaches...
Cingiser says that the AI's inclusion of the SAT scores are unfair to poorer students who cannot take test-taking classes to improve their SAT scores. Because of this bias against the poorer Blacks, Cingiser says that many of the Black student-athletes in the Ivy League come from the upper end of the socio-economic spectrum...
...drawbacks. When asked a question, the expert system blindly searches through its data base to see which rules apply, then searches through the data base again to find the data for the rule. More sophisticated knowledge systems store information in frames, which organize it along with its relevant attributes. AI Pioneer Marvin Minsky of M.I.T. noticed that when people enter a room, they have a set of expectations about what they will find -- a desk or chair, perhaps, but certainly not, for example, an ocean. His idea was to package information in a way that accommodates those expectations: a room...
Pilots are not the only ones worrying about the reliability of sophisticated military expert systems. Terry Winograd, an AI pioneer turned critic who is now at Stanford, has formed a Palo Alto-based group called Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility to oppose the use of second-wave systems in military applications. Winograd believes that isolating experts from the unforeseen consequences of their decisions is "perhaps the most ! subtle and dangerous consequence of the patchwork rationality of present expert systems." He is specifically concerned about the use of expert systems in President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, or Star Wars system...
...systems are at least five years away. Even further out are general-knowledge systems that would not be limited to a specific function or even a preset agenda but would instead be able to respond appropriately to unexpected tasks and problems. To develop such systems, a rebel generation of AI scientists believes that it is necessary to rebuild their field from the ground up. Their emphasis, says Philosopher Daniel Dennett of Tufts University, is on figuring out how people manage to accomplish the plain, everyday things that account for most human behavior, rather than on creating a mathematical model...