Word: aises
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Gender disputes in athletics can be very complicated, however. In his paper "Intersex and the Olympic Games," Rob Ritchie, a urological surgeon at Oxford University, notes that in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta - the last Games in which all female athletes were subjected to gender testing - eight female athletes...
Genetic males with AIS produce testosterone like normal males, but their bodies are insensitive to its effects. So people with AIS often have high levels of testosterone as the body produces more to try to exert its actions. For this reason, Semenya's high testosterone levels could be in keeping...
"It's very difficult to say whether AIS confers an athletic advantage," Ritchie says. Those who have complete AIS, despite being genetically male, display fewer signs of the presence of testosterone than the average female, who produces and absorbs a small amount of the hormone. There is such a condition...
Ritchie notes that female athletes who in the past have been suspected of being men may have suffered from Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), a condition in which a person who is genetically male - that is, their 23rd chromosome pair is XY - is resistant to androgens, the male sex hormones that...
Affirmation-starved France usually loves global titles of any kind (one big reason French competitors tend to outnumber foreign rivals in quixotic contests like reverse round-the-world solo yachting races and France's annual international plumb-spitting tournaments). But the news that les français had kept their...