Word: alcoholism
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Early in this century Sir William Osier, patron saint of modern medicine, discovered that nearly 53% of pneumonia fatalities occurred among drunkards. Two years ago young Dr. Kenneth LeRoy Pickrell of Johns Hopkins Hospital, stimulated by Osier's statistics, set out to learn the exact manner in which alcohol lowered resistance. Last week, after a score of different experiments on 175 rabbits, he reported in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin the first satisfactory explanation for this important pathological phenomenon...
From the livers of fresh-killed dogs, lambs and pigs they extracted a sterol (solid alcohol) which they dissolved in sesame oil. Then they artificially lengthened the clotting period of rats and dogs by tying up their bile ducts. Small amounts of the sterol were injected under the skins of the rats, into the veins of the dogs. Normal rats and dogs were also injected. Before and after injections the scientists measured the coagulation time of each animal by drawing a drop of blood from a vein onto a glass plate exposed...
When concentration of alcohol in the blood is below 0.5 milligram per cubic centimeter (achieved by the highball, Martini or three beers), even the most sensitive drinker displays no ill effects. Above a concentration of 1.5 mgms. every one is drunk. Between these rates lie in dividual variations of sullenness, hilarity, recklessness and melancholy. Hence, Dr. Haggard proposed that police set a stand ard of 0.5 mgm. as the "arbitrary dividing line between sobriety and an appreciable influence of liquor...
...juice of oranges and grapefruit he adds distilled water, dextrose and yeast. The mixture is then slowly drawn through a series of five glass-lined, airtight, chromium-fitted 200-gal. tanks. By the time the juice reaches the last tank, 75% of the sugar has been converted into alcohol. This takes ten days...
...rest of the time, their substitute is alcohol. ("What is said about alcohol." begins a prologue, "comes mostly from people who stand in a Platonic relationship to narcotics.") As they pour out their bawdy yarns, their pasts of incest, arson, rape, miscellaneous sadism, the reader grudgingly admits a growing sympathy for the preacher. No scape goat ever had such a gang so unremittingly against...