Word: alien
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Last week Attorney General Francis Biddle marked off 88 coastal areas from which all enemy aliens will be evacuated by Feb. 24. Forbidden territory so far includes San Francisco's waterfront, where 1,500 alien fishermen keep their boats; all lighthouses, radio and power stations, dams, airports, defense plants; 17 truck-farming districts where Japs for years have grown winter fruits and vegetables for U.S.tables...
...this week descended on San Pedro's Terminal Island, rounded up some 400 alien Japanese fishermen and cannery workers who live right in the middle of one of the Navy's big West Coast stations. (Their alien wives were not bothered.) But in San Francisco's Japanese quarter and Los Angeles' Little Tokyo, Japanese still go about their business unmolested. Another Japanese village at San Pedro looks out on the busy docks and shipyards of the harbor...
Since there are only 9,000 Koreans in the U.S. and Hawaii, last week's ruling did not directly affect many people. But it told the world-and especially the Far East-that anybody who so unnerved the Japanese could not be counted an enemy alien...
...commercial method of producing toluene was from by-product coke ovens, which were then a bright new technological improvement over beehive ovens. Germany's Heinrich Koppers, at the instigation of U.S. Steel, had begun revolutionizing U.S. coke production with his ovens in the early 1900s. War and the Alien Property Custodian dumped his properties into U.S. hands (chiefly the Mellons') and also accounted for the growth of Koppers Co., which by war's end was putting a new U.S. coke oven into operation every 60 days, a new U.S. toluene plant every six weeks...
...officers are already under indictment for conspiracy under the Sherman Act; Justice is meanwhile continuing a study of who owns it. Part of Aniline's troubles (and the Treasury's nervous trigger finger) are due to a jurisdictional fight between the two departments for control of alien properties. That fight will go on until Franklin Roosevelt names an Alien Property Custodian and defines his thankless duties...