Word: alloy
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Under stress at high temperatures (750°-1,000° F.), most metals, even hard alloy steels, manifest a sort of internal slip or "creep." To prevent costly machine failures and ugly accidents, metallurgists have long studied, measured and allowed for creep, but they still do not know much about what fundamentally happens...
...Culinary processes will be carried out in one electrically heated vessel of some light alloy which will serve as a saucepan for boiling water and frying pan for cooking any meat permitted. Each astronaut will be allowed one cup (but no saucer), one plate and one spoon, and a knife and fork might also be taken to be passed around from hand to hand...
...made of an aluminum-nickel-cobalt-iron alloy called "Alnico," announced some years ago by General Electric (TIME, Nov. 4, 1935). The first researches on its magnetic properties were by Professor T. Mishima of Tokyo Imperial University. Alnico has come into wide use in motors, radios and amplifiers, blowout fields, and in other apparatus where electromagnets (temporary magnets which lose their drawing power when the current which activates them is shut off) are not suitable...
Metallurgist L. R. Jackson and Physicist Howard Willis Russell of the Battelle Memorial Institute (Columbus, Ohio) realized that if they could vary the ingredients of an alloy so as to set the Curie point at any desired temperature, they would have a highly sensitive substance for thermostatic control. Experimenting with several mixtures, they finally got what they wanted with an alloy of iron, nickel, chromium, silicon...
Since it can be made to operate switches and contactors at the critical temperature, the Jackson-Russell alloy can be used to shut off costly machines at the point of overheating; for automatic fire alarms and sprinklers; for air conditioning, refrigeration, household heating. So far the alloy has no name except the "Fe-Ni-Cr-Si system," from the symbols of the four chemical elements which compose...