Word: alloy
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...ordinary carbon steel-is lost when it is heated to 1,100° to 1,600°. The Shotwelding electrodes stab the metal for 1/10 th 1/20 th of a second, heating it so instantaneously through its danger zone to its 2,700° fusing point that the alloy's unique strength is not affected. Invented by Budd Manufacturing Co. (and used for making stainless steel railroad coaches), Shotwelding may well make steel planes lighter than even welded aluminum planes...
...Aluminum weighs one-third as much as steel, but [stainless] steel is more than four times as strong as aluminum in pull and tension. Recent developments in structure mathematics now enable us, even in small planes, to build trusses of thin stainless steel of equal weight to duralumin [an alloy containing 95% aluminum, 4% copper, ½ % manganese and ½ % magnesium while in larger ships there is a greater advantage to the steel construction...
...scale model, from hell to breakfast. What worried Navymen was the material that Burgess had to use to get his speed-and-footing effect: aluminum. The Navy could not have had a seemingly good design thrown at it at a worse time, when aluminum supply (and magnesium, needed for alloy) is as strictured as the flow from a 1919 garden hose...
Pure magnesium is soft and weak but alloyed with small amounts of aluminum (forming Dowmetal) its tensile strength and hardness increase six times. A bar of such a magnesium-base alloy is stronger than three times its weight in ordinary steel. It is not as strong as the same weight of an aluminum-base alloy (using .5% magnesium and 95% aluminum, making duralumin). Consequently airplane parts, where strength is important, are principally made of aluminum-base alloys, and Dowmetal is used primarily for engine castings, doors, hatches, floors, seats, brake assemblies, etc. Aluminum is usually used with some percentage...
...roller-bearing a single car (excluding new trucks) costs $750 v. $40 for friction bearings. To convert the whole car supply, as Sanders' ad urged, would cost well over $1,000,000,000 and take two-thirds of the whole U.S. 1940 output of alloy steel, which has plenty of other defense uses. Furthermore, road speed is not the chief railroad bottleneck. Freight cars average only two hours a day in transit; what slows them up is not their friction bearings but standing in terminals, loading, unloading and making up trains...