Word: alveoli
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...remarkable new lung disease," for which no cause has been found, was described in an exhibit mounted by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Called pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (because protein-like particles are deposited in the lungs' alveoli, or air sacs), it has been found in 27 patients, all but one in the last three years. Sometimes heralded by fever, it is usually marked by labored breathing, a cough and chest pain, while in X rays the lungs look waterlogged. Nine patients have died, five have improved, the rest show no change...
...superheated Aerosol," a mist containing minute droplets of 15% salt solution and 20% propylene glycol (a wetting agent) at 125° F. The patient inhales this hot fog for half an hour. The salt solution draws out fluid from bronchial cells and from the myriad tiny air-exchange cells (alveoli) in his lungs. The wetting agent helps bring out more fluid that contains cells. The patient coughs this up. When the substance is put under the microscope, an expert cancer detective can spot abnormal cells that indicate the beginnings of cancer and the need for treatment...
...thirds or one-half as much oxygen, volume for volume, as it does at sea level. To get enough oxygen for the heavy work they do, the Indians have conspicuous barrel chests and outsized lungs, but they also have subtler adaptations to altitude. The pockets in their lungs (alveoli) have more capillaries so that their blood can capture more oxygen from the thin air. A mountain Indian has about two quarts more blood than a sea-level person, and his red blood cells are bigger and more numerous. If he lives at three, miles altitude, he may have twice...