Word: amakudari
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...whatever their profession, often have known each other closely for a half-century. When executives retire, they frequently become corporate advisers, honorary chairmen and industrial counselors. Likewise, when senior civil servants leave government they may become top advisers in the very corporations they once regulated; the custom is called amakudari or, literally, "descent from heaven...
...directly or indirectly, in the formulation of policy, either through the study groups or perhaps the nation's ubiquitous, highly effective industrial associations. Their job is to lobby the interests of member corporations before the government, a task eased by a bit of Japanese back-scratching known as amakudari-literally, descent from heaven. It refers to the practice whereby retiring top bureaucrats are quickly hired as top executives of the companies they once regulated. Yusuke Kashiwagi, a former Finance Ministry official, is now president of the Bank of Tokyo; Eimei Yamashita, a former trade official, is a managing director...
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