Word: amal
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Hussein. Now Arafat's P.L.O. has returned to Lebanon with vengeance. In the bloodiest fighting since rival Christian factions clashed a year ago, Arafat is struggling to regain his former stronghold in the strife-torn country. And an array of his enemies?Israel, Syria and the Lebanese Shi'ite Amal militiamen aligned with Syria?so far seem powerless to stop...
...after day last week, Amal militiamen pounded away at Palestinian guerrillas holed up in refugee camps outside Beirut, Sidon and Tyre. Off the Lebanese coast, Israeli gunboats delivered a barrage of rockets at the refugee camps near Sidon. At least 400 people have been killed and 900 wounded in the savage fighting since Nov. 24, when P.L.O. forces seized strategic hilltop positions from Amal defenders in Maghdousheh, 25 miles south of Beirut. In retaliation, Shi'ite militiamen mounted a tank-and-artillery attack on the Shatila refugee camp south of Beirut. Arafat promptly appealed to Arab leaders to help stop...
...Imam Musa Sadr, a charismatic Iranian cleric, led the political mobilization of the Shi'ite community in the 1960s and 1970s, giving it a voice for the first time through his Amal (Arabic for "hope") movement. Hizballah was born with Iranian assistance in the early 1980s, to resist Israel's occupation of Lebanon. And by the 1990s, the dynamism of Hizballah and the demographic advantage of the Shi'ites had begun to eat away at the historical Sunni dominance of Lebanon's Muslim communities...
...Unfortunately, instead of quenching the crisis, the tribunal will most likely produce the exact opposite effect. A couple of weeks ago, the Hezbollah and Amal members of the Lebanese cabinet quit their posts in an act—many suspect—of protest against the government’s approval of a UN draft setting up the aforementioned international tribunal...
...prime minister, Fouad Siniora - perhaps wondering why he should reward Hizballah for single-handedly starting the destructive war by kidnapping three Israeli soldiers - balked at a move that would have given Hizballah effective veto power. Instead he offered three seats, which Hizballah and Amal rejected, promising street demonstrations in return...