Word: ambrosiano
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Dates: during 1982-1982
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That audit proved to be inconclusive, but it led to a second, completed earlier this year, that uncovered $1.2 billion in unsecured lending. Calvi was buying up Ambrosiano stock, possibly using money borrowed on international financial markets by Ambrosiano and its subsidiaries, in an attempt to strengthen his grip on the parent bank. During 1978-79 and in 1981, Ambrosiano and its subsidiaries raised about $1.2 billion. In these years the banks lent at least $800 million to low-capitalized shell companies in Panama, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein. The shell companies, in turn, used about $400 million to buy stock...
...sought ways to help pay off the outstanding loans made by his shell companies. Though he had been convicted of a financial crime, Calvi was still made welcome at the Vatican bank and other banks. Marcinkus' defense is that he was newly reconfirmed as president of Banco Ambrosiano, and the bank's balance sheet was approved at the end of 1981 by the Bank of Italy...
...liberating letter," written by Calvi to the I.O.R. five days before the letters of patronage were issued. The liberating letter in effect negates the letters of patronage and relieves the Vatican bank of any responsibility for the companies in question. Yet this letter was never made known to the Ambrosiano Latin American banks that lent money to Calvi's shell firms. The liberating letter thus gives the arrangement between Calvi and the I.O.R. the appearance of a conspiracy to withhold essential information from the lending banks. The various letters suggest that Marcinkus allowed the Vatican's name...
...letters of patronage seemed to help Calvi, at least temporarily. But in the end even this ploy failed. When Calvi asked the I.O.R. to renew the letters, which expired in June 1982, Marcinkus turned him down. Another setback soon followed. After the Bank of Italy demanded that Ambrosiano account for its huge foreign lending, the bank's directors overruled Calvi and agreed to cooperate...
...fled Italy with a false passport, flying first to Austria, then to England. There, according to the two confidants who were with him, a traveling companion and a longtime business partner, he remained in seclusion in a rented apartment in London's Chelsea section. On June 17, Banco Ambrosiano's board of directors voted to strip Calvi of his powers, and the Bank of Italy appointed a commission to run Ambrosiano. That same day, Graziella Corrocher, 55, Calvi's longtime secretary-who, says Sindona, also kept the books for P2-plunged to her death from the fourth...