Word: american
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Dates: during 1890-1899
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Best general references: J. Codman, Free Ships; J. D. K. Kelley, Question of Ships; Edward Kemble in North American Review, Vol. 160, 85 (Jan. '95); J. C. Hall in Overland Monthly, 2nd ser. XII: 640 (Dec. '88); U. S. Statutes at Large, XXVI. 830, XXVII. 27; Speech of Mr. Fithian, in Cong. Record, 51 Cong., 2 Sess...
Debate of November 26, 1895.Question: Resolved, That for the present system of subsidies should be substituted a system of free registry of foreign-built ships by American owners...
...navigation laws have long required changing.- (a) American shipping has steadily declined since the introduction of iron construction in the early fifties: Kelley, Question of Ships 18.- (b) Though heavily protected, ship building has not thrived: Codman, Free Ships, 45-(1) Cost of labor (in iron ships nine-tents of whole cost) is too great here: Free Ships 30-32.- (c) The manning of ships even now is a more important industry than shipbuilding: The Question of Ships, 30.- (1) Over fifty times as much wages paid to sailors as to shipbuilders' operatives: Ibid. (d) In case...
...Subsidies are a tax on the many for the benefit of the few: N. A. R. 148: 282 (March '94).- (3) It is an objectionable application of public funds to the promotion of a private enterprise which does not exist except to get the benefit of subsidies: Ibid.- (x) American ship-yards, generally speaking, have not for 30 years built ships for foreign trade: N. A. R. 160: 90 (Jan. '95).- (4) Subsidies are demoralizing to the recipients by causing extravagant management: Cong. Record as above.- (x) Example of the Collins line: Free Ships. (b) The present system is totally...
...cheapest market: Free Ships 45.- We cannot keep foreign ships off the ocean.- (b) Buying ships abroad which can not be built here can not injure our builders: N. A. R. 160: 87.- (c) Free ships would stimulate building by requiring great repair shops and by encouraging American inventive genius: Question of Ships, 50.- (1) Example of Germany, Ibid.- (d) Germany got her enormous carrying trade and encouraged ship-building by allowing free registry of British-built ships: Free Ships 23.- (e) England maintained her supremacy at a critical time by allowing our clippers free registry: Question of Ships...