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...discovery by Duke psychologist Avshalom Caspi of a "depression gene," which was among the first to be associated with mental illness - a notably difficult class of diseases to pin down, genetically speaking - inspired dozens of similar studies. While many researchers had suspected that 5-HTTLPR played a significant role in depression risk, Caspi was the first to establish an association by studying depressed people who had also experienced a stressful life event, such as the death of a child or sudden unemployment. What Caspi's 2003 epidemiological study, published in Science, found was that people with one or two copies...
Merikangas' meta-analysis has plenty of its own detractors, particularly among the scientists whose work it refutes. "This article ignores the complete body of scientific evidence," says psychologist Caspi, who sent TIME.com an e-mail appended with 22 citations of studies that support his findings. "In the past six years, extensive research in experimental neuroscience using both animals and humans has validated the original report by showing that the 5-HTTLPR short allele-carriers are excessively vulnerable to stress," he says...
...complex task. "We have about 30,000 genes, and it is hard to pick just one and analyze it," says Dr. Hans Joergen Grabe of Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald in Stralsund, Germany. Although his 2005 study also found a correlation between the 5-HTTLPR gene and depression among the unemployed, "the magnitude of the effect is very small - if the effect does really exist, it will only produce depression in very rare cases, about 5 or 10 out of 1,000." Grabe is now studying genes involved in the function of the "stress axis" of the body...
Negotiating a solution - among members of Congress and the nations of the world - won't be simple, but as the environmental author Bill McKibben wrote in a June 11 review in the New York Review of Books, that might be the easy part: "The real negotiation is between humans on the one hand and chemistry and physics on the other. And chemistry and physics, unfortunately, don't bargain." Facts are facts...
...Hunger is far from unfinishable. When Bismarck said laws are like sausages, his point was that you shouldn't watch them getting made. But who among us has not wondered about sausages - or about where the prepared food actually comes from in an upscale purveyor like Dean & DeLuca? DeLucie worked at a Dean & DeLuca fresh out of cooking school, and he has the answer: a windowless, battleship-gray underground kitchen, where a Flying Dutchman crew of lost, disaffected and recently deinstitutionalized - but not necessarily untalented - cooks labors robotically over 25-lb. (11 kg) stainless-steel bowls of Red Bliss potato...