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...study also found that vestibular dysfunction increased the risk of falling by a factor of 12. Although that link now seems obvious, doctors previously thought bone weakness, vision impairment and gait problems were the main culprits of falls among the elderly. And while physicians had always considered balance issues, they were concerned with those due to deteriorating vision or mental status, not the inner ear. "People with inner-ear balance problems regularly suffer dizziness or vertigo," says Dr. Yuri Agrawal, an otolaryngologist at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the study's lead author, "so it makes a lot of sense that...
Agrawal's study, published in the May 25 issue of the journal Archives of Internal Medicine, is among the first to highlight the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction. It also showed that patients who have the condition but are asymptomatic - that is, with no self-reports of dizziness - are still three times more likely to fall than healthy adults. The findings suggest that screening for such conditions during regular preventive care of patients over age 50 may lead to fewer falls and, ultimately, save lives. "Patients who are aware they're at a greater risk can take steps to minimize...
Still, while better medications have helped reduce deaths due to heart disease among Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients, that trend has been seen only among men. Between 1971 and 2000, heart-related deaths among men with diabetes dropped by half but doubled among diabetic women in the same time period, according to a 2007 study. Many diabetes patients also suffer from poor circulation, which puts them at higher risk of vision problems and amputation when blood does not adequately nourish tissues...
...proper management of blood-sugar levels, say experts, can keep many diabetes-related complications at bay. Today, patients can choose from among 20 highly effective types of insulin, some man-made and some derived from animals. One synthetic product called pramlintide, which was recently approved by the FDA, appears to control blood-sugar levels more naturally, without the huge dips in glucose that can occur when the body receives too much insulin at one time. The more successful a patient is at maintaining consistently normal blood-sugar levels, the more likely she will be able to avoid damage...
Drugs and weapons aren't the only contraband in prisons these days. The latest underground currency among inmates is an item most of us consider harmless: the cell phone. And so far, prison officials are fighting a losing battle to keep inmates from obtaining cell phones and using them to communicate with people both inside and outside prison walls. (See TIME's photo-essay on "Boxing Out of Poverty and Prison in Thailand...