Word: anatolian
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Where is the motherland of civilization? Prehistorians generally locate it in Mesopotamia, but Seton Lloyd, director of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, thinks that the Anatolian Plateau farther north in Turkey may have been civilized first. One of his field parties has excavated a Bronze Age site near Burdur that looked at first like a small village of a dozen small houses. Deeper down, the diggers found mud and stone fortifications 10 to 15 ft. thick, and a wooden upper story that was apparently destroyed by fire about 4,500 B.C. Under the ruins were human skeletons...
...development program had nothing but happy results. Acreage under cultivation doubled. In 1953, when good weather gave it the biggest wheat crop in history -8,200,000 tons v. 3,800,000 in 1950-Turkey became for the first time a substantial exporter of wheat. The once arid Anatolian plateau was dotted with green fields and bustling communities, and the cotton-producing areas of southern Turkey experienced a new prosperity. Turkey's sugar production, which nearly trebled between 1950 and 1956, was barely able to keep pace with domestic demand. Reason: the Turkish peasant, with money in his pocket...
...leader's founding dictum: in modern Turkey "state and religion must be separate." Then dapper, driving Premier Adnan Menderes, trying to whip up popular support to offset rising big-city discontent with his extravagant inflationary policies (TIME, Oct. 24), took off on a speech-making swing through his Anatolian farm-country strongholds. At Konya, in the wheat-growing heart of what Istanbul calls the Koran belt, he blurted out the most direct pitch yet for the prayer-rug vote by a leader of modern Turkey: "If there are no courses on religion in our schools," he said, "citizens...
...Greek Novelist Nikos Kazantzakis introduces his third memorable novel to reach U.S. readers in as many years. A pagan demiurge named Zorba goat-footed his Dionysian way through Zorba the Greek. In The Greek Passion, the peasant Manolios reenacted the Crucifixion as it might have happened in a 1920 Anatolian village. Captain Michales of Freedom or Death is a citizen soldier-patriot burning to set late 19th century Crete free from Turkish rule. These three heroes have nothing in common but the Kazantzakis touch-a gift for catching a man in mid-passion and life at full flood...
...that Turkey isn't standing still, or slipping backward. It's advancing. Turkish agricultural land is expanding; this year there is an alltime high of 10.5 million hectares under cultivation. The Turk is a hard worker and he's used to sacrifice. Last month, the central Anatolian plain was seething with harvest activity. Though 1,283 ECA combines have been imported since 1948, most of the threshing is done by ancient methods. Oxen pull sleds, equipped with sharp flint points, around & around in the harvested wheat stocks, cutting them apart. Then the peasant and his family toss...