Word: andeans
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...Antonio last week, Physiologist Robert T. Clark reported to the Second International Symposium on the Physics and Medicine of the Atmosphere and Space (see SCIENCE) that a valuable lesson has been learned from the Indians at Morococha (pop. 8,500), a mining town in Peru's central Andean highlands...
...Questions. Key questions for the Air Force researchers were: 1) Would this adaptation help a spaceman to survive if he accidentally lost his oxygen supply, and 2) can a lowly sea-level type achieve the High Andean's resistance to oxygen deprivation-but in a matter of weeks instead of centuries? Helping Dr. Clark get the answers were Drs. Alberto Hurtado and Tulio Velasquez of Lima's Institute of Andean Biology...
...Indians averaged 1½ minutes, and one held out for more than two minutes. These results answered the first question with an emphatic yes: an astronaut having temporary trouble would be able to function effectively far longer, and thus perhaps save his life, if he had the High Andean's altitude endurance...
...Rioja, a picturesque town of 35,-000 on the Andean slopes of northwestern Argentina, the little donkeys of the community are nicknamed plateritos, because they are just as lovable and usually just as hungry as famed Poet Juan Ramon
Many of the Andean Indians, says Newman, live so high in the mountains that the air contains only two-thirds or one-half as much oxygen, volume for volume, as it does at sea level. To get enough oxygen for the heavy work they do, the Indians have conspicuous barrel chests and outsized lungs, but they also have subtler adaptations to altitude. The pockets in their lungs (alveoli) have more capillaries so that their blood can capture more oxygen from the thin air. A mountain Indian has about two quarts more blood than a sea-level person...