Word: andes
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...High-altitude study focuses on how people can live above 10,000 ft. Reason: as population increases in countries like India, more people will probably have to move to the rarified atmosphere of high-mountain areas. Carried on largely in the Andes and Rockies, the study will suggest how best to prepare for the move...
Building the Andes. Vine's recorder provided almost instant playback. Surveying the seabed with sensitive magnetometers towed by an oceanographic vessel, he and other investigators found a zebra-striped pattern of magnetism, its direction repeatedly reversing as their ship moved farther away from the mid-ocean ridges. Seismologists quickly followed with proof of their own. If the sea floor was actually rising from the ridges and dropping back into the earth through the trenches, they reasoned, there should be more seismic shocks in these regions than in surrounding areas. Tests proved them right. The U.S. oceanographic vessel Glomar Challenger...
...evidence piles up, so do the refinements of the Hess theory. Geophysicists are now convinced that the lithosphere conveyor-belt system actually consists of six separate plates that drift on top of the earth's mantle. When they collide, they can build mountains; the Andes were probably created when the Pacific plate wedged under the Atlantic plate, throwing up vast amounts of the overlying continent. When they move apart, they produce quake-prone schisms like California's San Andreas Fault...