Word: andrei
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...only after a fierce debate in the Kremlin. Reliable reports reaching Whitehall, TIME has learned, indicate that the case in favor of intervention was made by hard-line Party Ideologue Mikhail Suslov, supported by Defense Minister Dmitri Ustinov. Brezhnev himself led the argument against invasion, backed by Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The doves emerged victorious, but only just...
Rubentstein documents how the freedom of expressions came to be the first and foremost human rights. The publication of literary works abroad brought seven years of labor for Yuri Daniel and Andrei Sinyaksy in 1965, prompting the first public demonstrations for human rights in Soviet history. Such actions then continued; in 1966 a literary work was used for the first time as evidence in court against its writer; in 1968 the first person was arrested for distributing letters in defense of prisoners of conscience, in 1972 the first attempt was made to discredit the movement rather than individual remarks...
...becomes a court calendar where we watch dissidents held in pretrial retaining centers for over a year without contact with relatives, where they are tried without defense witnesses, closed courtrooms, without cross-examinations, sometimes with the judge leaving the room (case of Yuri Orlov) or with no trial whatsoever (Andrei Sakharov). What Rubenstein reveals is that in the Soviet Union, abuses of human rights are not isolated incidents. There are day-to-day harassment, searches, interrogations, interference with phones, psychological confinement, separation of families, inhuman treatment of prisoners. Often the regime is purposely inconsistent creating an atmosphere of suspicion...
Rubenstein describes two Russias: one of violence and deceit and one of justice and humanity. Andrei Amalrik, dissident and author of "Involuntary Journey to Siberia" writes, "I don't think Americans can understand that censorship is ingrained in Soviet life. Do you know that you can go to prison for writing something about the 10th century that is considered unpatriotic and anti-state in the 20th century?" Joshua Rubenstein understands and he makes this clear...
Meanwhile, the Kremlin escalated its war of words with the U.S. by releasing the text of a letter from Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko to Haig, accusing the U.S. of "open interference" in Poland and of making "distorted interpretations" of Soviet propaganda beamed at Iran. America's European al lies are concerned that the Administration's verbal confrontation with Moscow will destabilize East-West relations. The West Germans, for example, fear that the U.S. will pressure them to cancel plans to buy Soviet natural gas in return for high-technology goods. In addition, U.S. allies in Europe would like...