Word: androgenic
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...This really addresses an unmet medical need for fracture prevention in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer," says Dr. Matthew Smith, director of genitourinary medical oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital and the lead author of the HALT paper. "Given that we have such little data on fracture prevention in men, these findings are important...
...Prostate cancer, which kills 29,000 men in the U.S. each year, is a tenacious disease in advanced stages. The treatment of cancer that has metastasized beyond the prostate involves drugs that block male hormones, the androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, which feed tumor growth. Antiandrogen drugs, like bicalutamide, work by binding to the androgen receptors on prostate-cancer cells, chemically preventing the hormones from interacting with the tumor. Over time, however, cancer cells become resistant to the drugs as the number of androgen receptors on the cells increases, and in a cruel twist, the drugs somehow begin to stimulate...
...Some researchers think the solution is to avoid involving androgen receptors altogether. But Charles Sawyers, a cancer researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), isn't convinced - and he has an alternative. In the new Science paper, co-authored by Sawyers and other researchers at HHMI, the University of California, Los Angeles, and a host of other institutions, data suggest that a new chemical compound may sidestep the problem of resistance. When used to treat mouse tumors that were derived from drug-resistant prostate-cancer cells, the compound led to dramatic shrinkage, which has researchers hoping for a similar...
...Researchers in Sawyers' lab began with a chemical that showed promise in attaching to the androgen receptor on cancer cells. Then the scientists, like composers writing variations on a theme, synthesized nearly 200 versions of the drug and screened each one on prostate-cancer cells that had been engineered to be drug-resistant. In the end, two molecules - RD162 and MDV3100 - fit the experimental criteria, binding to the receptor site without stimulating cancer-cell growth. Both chemical compounds were then tested in mice. "They caused the tumors to shrink significantly," says Sawyers...
...Unlike typical antiandrogen cancer drugs, the new compounds appeared to work by more effectively blocking the androgen receptors on the cancer-cell surface, even when the total number of receptors on the cells was high, as is the case in resistance. (Read "Vitamins Do Not Prevent Prostate Cancer, Study Finds...