Word: androgenic
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Science recognizes androgyny. Androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS) describes a genetic male who is resistant to androgens, the male sex hormones, which include testosterone. In a male with AIS, the testes may never descend, the genitalia may resemble a female's, and while the body produces testosterone, it is insensitive to its effect, prompting it to produce more. But though science acknowledges gender can be a continuum, sport - which requires like to compete against like - does not. A decision on where to draw the line, and whether Semenya is blessed by natural gifts or unfairly endowed with a freakish biological advantage...
...story, The Daily Telegraph did not say which intersex condition the test has revealed Semenya has. But if the paper's report is accurate, it is possible that she has partial androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a condition in which a genetic male is partially resistant to androgens, the male sex hormones that include testosterone. In many cases of partial AIS, the testes never descend from the abdomen, the genitalia may resemble female genitalia, and the individual will display both female and male characteristics. People with AIS often have high levels of testosterone as the body produces more...
That was Soundarajan's last competition. Shortly after she was awarded the medal, she was asked to undergo a sex test, which she failed, leading Asian Games officials to strip her of her medal. Soundarajan was later diagnosed with AIS, or androgen insensitivity syndrome, a condition in which a genetic male is resistant to androgens, the male sex hormones that include testosterone, leading the body to appear externally female. "I cannot comment on the gender test as I am not a doctor, but the incident surely robbed India of a world-class athlete," says P. Nagarajan, her coach, who recruited...
...paper "Intersex and the Olympic Games," Rob Ritchie, a urological surgeon at Oxford University, notes that in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta - the last Games in which all female athletes were subjected to gender testing - eight female athletes were found to be genetically male. Seven of them had androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a condition in which a genetic male is resistant to androgens, the male sex hormones that include testosterone. In such cases, the testes never descend from the abdomen and the genitalia may resemble female genitalia. (See pictures of Olympic highs and lows...
Ritchie notes that female athletes who in the past have been suspected of being men may have suffered from Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), a condition in which a person who is genetically male - that is, their 23rd chromosome pair is XY - is resistant to androgens, the male sex hormones that include testosterone. As a result, the testes present in that person's abdomen never descend, and neither they nor their parents ever realize they are actually boys. Those with complete AIS will have a totally female body on the outside, but will lack ovaries and a uterus. Others may demonstrate...