Word: anemia
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...theoretically possible to detect such illnesses as sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis," Orkin said. "All you have to find out is what to look for in the gene...
Presently the method of identification can detect two types of anemia, alphathalassemia and beta-delta-thalassemia. The most common type of anemia in the country, beta-thalassemia (Cooley's anemia) cannot be detected...
...variety of human diseases, notably cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Two important studies involve examination of the rhesus fetus while it is still in the womb, letting the pregnancy continue and checking hemoglobin changes that occur about the time of birth, which may be significant in relation to sickle-cell anemia...
Indeed, it was brainstorming that got the lab's first project-a study of sickle-cell anemia-off to a heady start. The Rockefeller scientists realized that any treatment for this genetic disease, which affects perhaps 2 million people around the world, had to be directed at stopping the characteristic sickling, or distortion, of the red blood cells that occurs after they unload their cargo of oxygen. But how? During cocktail-party chatter, Lab Director Cerami learned from a colleague that a byproduct of urea-a chemical called cyanate-can prevent sickling. Tests on both animals and humans confirmed...
...Rockefeller group used equal inventiveness in tackling thalassemia (Cooley's anemia), which afflicts an estimated 3 million people globally-most of them of Mediterranean and Asian origin. Victims of this genetic disorder can usually be kept alive by regular blood transfusions. But because the body is not easily able to rid itself of the iron added by repeated blood donations, it accumulates to such an extent that by the age of 20 the heart, liver and other organs can be threatened. Looking for a way to remove the excess iron, the Rockefeller scientists turned to bacteria and fungi...