Word: anthropologist
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss has shown that a society's cuisine is a language into which it unconsciously translates its structure. Thus frozen foods, packaged foods, TV dinners, fast-food franchises, preservatives and additives all stem from a culture that made pragmatism, step saving and time saving virtues in themselves. Because there are different values and plenty of free time in the new culture, gardening (organically), grinding wheat, baking bread, preparing yogurt and making a quiet ceremony of cooking and eating are all parts of the scene. Rabbi Arthur Green, member of an experimental community in Cambridge...
...social action kind of person," he says, "but I am not comfortable mixing my anthropology with anything else." Relevant anthropology, he says, is largely knowing when to study something, i. e., doing research in areas of current concern. But applied anthropology (involving the anthropologist's formal recommendations to the local government) and action anthropology (social action by the people themselves based on the researcher's recommendations) are much more sensitive and complicated fields. Any increment of planned social change exposes countless new unknown factors, and the schedule of well-intentioned reforms often becomes lost in a series of mistakes...
Sherwood L. Washburn, the University of California anthropologist, dismissed him as a "popularizer of data he does not understand." Dr. Stuart Altmann of the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta suggested that the chief value of his second book was to amend the errors of the first. After reading the same text, Edmund Leach, the British anthropologist, announced that it was "best left alone altogether." Despite such forthright professional judgments of his writings, Robert Ardrey, 61, the author of two anthropological bestsellers, African Genesis (1961) and The Territorial Imperative (1966), has now produced another work in the same field...
Died. Rear Admiral Donald B. Mac-Millan, 95, veteran Arctic explorer, anthropologist, ethnologist, geographer and naturalist; in Provincetown, Mass. Mac-Millan's first voyage to the Arctic was with Robert E. Peary on his historic discovery of the North Pole in 1908-09, and the experience so moved MacMillan that he returned 29 times over the next half-century. He crisscrossed the polar region by dog sled, snowmobile and airplane, and sailed into the ice aboard his sturdy schooner Bowdoin. All the while, he made vast contributions to the world's knowledge of Eskimos, glacial movements, polar flora...
Personal Distance. The psychologists had expected their spokesman to be most persuasive from the middle distance, five to six feet. Any nearer approach would invade what Northwestern University Anthropologist Edward T. Hall and others have called "personal distance"-an invisible sphere that most animals, as well as man, consider off limits to strangers. The greatest separation corresponds to "public distance": presumably far enough off to discourage personal communication. To Albert and Dabbs, five to six feet seemed just about right, being neither too close for comfort nor so far off as to present only a modest claim on the subject...