Word: anthropologist
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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INDIA'S SUCCESS IN information technology derives from calculated public policy, but its predominance in jewelry is an anthropologist's affair: 5,000 years of sea and caravan trading with Arabia, Greece and Rome. "Plenty of rubies, plenty of emeralds! You should thank God for having brought you to so rich a country!" Vasco da Gama was told when he sailed into Calcutta in 1497. Most Indian mines were exhausted by the late 19th century, but the gems kept coming. And whether they were commoners buying "1-g bangles" or royals commissioning turban ornaments, Indians were always mad for jewelry...
What the Bones RevealedIt was clearly worth the wait. The scientific team that examined the skeleton was led by forensic anthropologist Douglas Owsley of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. He has worked with thousands of historic and prehistoric skeletons, including those of Jamestown colonists, Plains Indians and Civil War soldiers. He helped identify remains from the Branch Davidian compound in Texas, the 9/11 attack on the Pentagon and mass graves in Croatia...
...clear from the moment Jim Chatters first saw the partial skeleton that no crime had been committed - none recent enough to be prosecutable, anyway. Chatters, a forensic anthropologist, had been called in by the coroner of Benton County, Wash., to consult on some bones found by two college students on the banks of the Columbia River, near the town of Kennewick. The bones were obviously old, and when the coroner asked for an opinion, Chatters' off-the-cuff guess, based on the skull's superficially Caucasoid features, was that they probably belonged to a settler from the late 1800s...
...papers." Of about the same vintage as Kennewick Man and found at around the same time, the Alaskan bones, along with other artifacts in the area, lend strong support to the coastal-migration theory. "Isotopic analysis of the human remains," says James Dixon, the University of Colorado at Boulder anthropologist who found them, "demonstrates that the individual - a young male in his early 20s - was raised primarily on a diet of seafood...
...Siberia?Genetics also points to an original homeland for the first Americans - or at least it does to some researchers. "Skeletal remains are very rare, but the genetic evidence suggests they came from the Lake Baikal region" of Russia, says anthropologist Ted Goebel of the University of Nevada at Reno, who has worked extensively in that part of southern Siberia. "There is a rich archaeological record there," he says, "beginning about 40,000 years ago." Based on what he and Russian colleagues have found, Goebel speculates that there were two northward migratory pulses, the first between...