Word: anthropologist
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...military's program is to continue its expansion in Afghanistan with the nation's top scholars, it may be facing an uphill battle. The AAA says the program violates its code of ethics - a sort of Hippocratic oath in which anthropologists vow to do no harm. Two years ago, the AAA condemned the HTS program, but this month's 72-page report goes into much greater detail about the potential for the military to misuse information that social scientists gather. Some anthropologists involved in the report say it's already happening. David Price, a professor of anthropology at St. Martin...
...first instance of anthropologists' involvement with war efforts. Before the First World War, the field techniques of the discipline were used by the British to administer and subdue the different cultural groups at the edges of its empire. Later, in World War II, anthropologist Ruth Benedict played a key role in President Franklin Roosevelt's decision to allow the Japanese Emperor's reign to continue as part of Japan's surrender to the U.S. According to Price, who has written a book on the use of anthropology during World War II, the majority of American anthropologists were actively involved...
...Army "assist friendly governments in dealing with active insurgency problems," such as in Chile, the project's test case. The project never moved out of Chile, however; in 1965, once the public got wind of it, Project Camelot was canceled. Later, in 1970, documents stolen from a U.S. anthropologist's office implicated a number of social scientists in clandestine counterinsurgency efforts in Thailand. These two scandals created an uproar at the AAA, and many anthropologists grew wary of military-funded programs. Over the past 30 years, according to an article by Montgomery McFate, the senior social scientist...
...says Higginbotham, using a group of students working with Haitian Creole diabetes patients as an example. “They have to work with John Mugane’s African Language Program because they have to get the Haitian Creole under their belt; they have to work with an anthropologist so that they can get the ethnographic skills; and they have to get a cultural or historical perspective just to understand what are the conditions in Haiti, what’s the culture that people came out of historically...
...wasn't the kind of anthropologist devoted to field work in far-flung places. "I hate traveling and explorers" is the first line of Tristes Tropiques, his classic 1955 account of his years in Brazil and other locales. Instead, his position as one of the greatest figures in anthropology, and as a giant in postwar intellectual life generally, rests upon his effort to draw from anthropology a larger philosophy of human cultures...