Word: antigen
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...worth noting, however, that Mucci and her colleagues detected the increased suicide and heart risk only in men diagnosed with cancer before the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test became available in the 1980s. PSA screening allows doctors to pick up tumors at earlier stages, which makes treatment potentially more effective, less invasive and possibly less disfiguring - and makes a diagnosis of prostate cancer far less menacing. (See the top 10 medical breakthroughs...
Dinglasan has found an antigen, called AnAPN1, that causes humans to create antibodies that prevent transmission of malaria by mosquitoes. Get enough of these antibodies into mosquitoes, and you lock the disease up there and prevent it from infecting us. Sounds good, but how do you implement such a strategy? You can hardly vaccinate the mosquitoes themselves. Instead, you put the AnAPN1 into their food source: us. A mosquito that bites an inoculated person would pick up the antibodies and then be sidelined from the malaria-transmission game...
...study, which involved 370 healthy children ages six months to nine years in Australia, researchers immunized half of the group with two doses of vaccine, each containing 15 micrograms (mcg) of the virus antigen. The other half received two doses containing 30 mcg of the antigen each. In both cases, the second dose was given 21 days after the first. The researchers found that 21 days after receiving only one shot, 92.5% of children in the 15-mcg-dose group and 98% of those receiving the higher dose had generated sufficient antibodies against H1N1...
...results suggest that one shot of the lower-dose vaccine may generate just as many flu antibodies as the two shots U.S. children currently receive, each containing 7.5 mcg of viral antigen. The findings could factor into discussions that health officials have as they make up recommendations for next year's flu season. Having children get immunized only once, rather than twice, may help increase the percentage of kids who are protected against influenza...
...require aggressive treatment. In March, a 10-year National Cancer Institute study involving more than 76,000 men seemed to make the case for watchful waiting. About half of the study volunteers were randomly assigned to the screening group, getting either a manual exam or a prostate-specific antigen test each year; the latter test measures blood levels of a protein associated with prostate cancer. The other study participants received no screening guidance and were left to decide on their own whether they would get a yearly test. At the seven-year mark, 50 men had died from prostate cancer...