Word: antigen
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...world. Of 24 samples examined, only one from an aborigine caused the test-tube reaction he was looking for. Blumberg found the cause to be an ultramicroscopic viruslike particle. He and Dr. Harvey J. Alter, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), dubbed the particle "the Australia antigen...
...recent issues of both the A.M.A. Journal and the British journal Lancet, teams from NIH and Columbia University have reported that, contrary to prevailing medical opinion, both infectious and serum hepatitis are probably caused by a single virus. That virus appears to be identical with the Australia antigen...
...patients who contracted serum hepatitis from injections of an infected blood-clotting factor. The researchers took weekly blood samples but did not find the culprit; so they deep-froze the samples and stored them. In 1968 the 15-year-old samples were thawed out and tested for the Australia antigen. The viruslike particle was found in the blood of 46 (or 74%) of the patients...
Chronic Carriers. One nagging mystery remains: If the Australia antigen is indeed responsible for hepatitis, why is it found in so many apparently unrelated conditions? Hematologists, for example, found it in only one of 1,000 blood samples from healthy Americans, many of whom may have had a mild case of hepatitis without knowing it. The antigen was found in the blood of 30% of mongolism victims living in large institutions, which are often swept by viral epidemics. It is common among leukemia patients who presumably get it through transfusions. It was also discovered in 9% of patients with...
Rapaport would only say that his experimental results indicated a line for further research. But the implication for future treatment was clear, although the method by which the antigen would be treated or administered to protect a graft was not. If it happens that the detested streptococci are eventually "farmed" as a wholesale source of raw material for a transplant vaccine, that will be no more surprising than the transplant successes already achieved...