Word: antigen
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Garcea said in an interview yesterday that past research has implicated a protein, called a t-antigen, in all choriod plexus tumors in laboratory animals. The t-antigen has been shown to result from the expression of an SV40 DNA sequence...
...pediatrician said that early use of transgenic mice, into whose gametes the sequence coding for the t-antigen was inserted, led to the conclusion that SV40 was involved when all of the animals developed the tumors...
...simple $50 test, based on a protein called prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, will soon be offered to men over 50 who are at special risk for the disease, including blacks and those with a family history of the ailment. Some experts contend that all older men should be tested. Predicts lead author Dr. William Catalona, at Washington University in St. Louis: "PSA should dramatically alter the statistics on prostate cancer...
These days the explosive growth of both molecular biology and immunology has enabled vaccine makers to take a safer and more effective approach to their work. Instead of using dead or attenuated bacteria or viruses, they remove from the bug's surface the marker protein, or antigen, that provokes the immune response. Employing gene-splicing techniques, they mass-produce the antigen, or a portion of it, and use it as the prime ingredient of the vaccine...
Researchers are also creating vaccines that consist largely of antigens synthesized from chemicals on the laboratory shelf. When these vaccines prove ineffective, scientists can now usually determine why. Says M.I.T. Molecular Biologist Malcolm Gefter: "Today, when a vaccine doesn't elicit a protective response, it is possible to detect what is or is not working -- the B cells, the T cells, the lymphokines, whatever." Scientists can then "fix" the vaccine. For example, the 1985 vaccine against Hemophilus influenzae Type B, which causes bacterial meningitis, was only partially effective; although it protected older children, it did not work for babies under...