Word: antigenically
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...study the relevant receptor in 2003, after seeing earlier research that showed how variation in another gene similarly blocked the receptor that allows HIV to enter white blood cells; far fewer people carry that variant. In the lab, Weiss found that the African-specific receptor, called DARC, or duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, also interacted with HIV: the receptor binds to a wide array of proteins that suppress the virus's replication. Intrigued, but unable to explain why the lack of the receptor increased HIV infection, Weiss teamed up with geneticists at the University of Texas and elsewhere to analyze...
...Indeed, the introduction of the so-called PSA (prostate specific antigen) test in 1998 appears to have had a significant effect on the results of various studies. In early, pre-PSA studies, more men overall ended up developing cancer - since they weren't screened for preliminary signs of the disease, they couldn't be treated early. In these studies, a strong link between lycopene and the reduction of later-stage aggressive tumors emerged. But in post-PSA studies, this association weakened, since fewer men went on to develop the aggressive, advanced form of the disease. "I'm still as enthusiastic...
...family-medicine physician trained in evidence-based practice. In 1999 Merenstein examined a healthy 53-year-old man who showed no signs of prostate cancer. As he had been taught, Merenstein explained to his patient that there are advantages and disadvantages to having a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The test can lead to early detection of prostate cancer but also to unnecessary biopsies and even treatment--with all its attendant risks of impotence and incontinence--for a cancer that might have grown so slowly that it didn't need immediate attention. And for aggressive prostate cancers, there...
...cardiovascular benefits as: decreased blood pressure and oxidation of LDL (bad) cholesterol and improved blood flow through coronary arteries. A study from 2006 reported benefits in men with prostate cancer: 8 oz. daily of the juice slowed activity of residual tumor cells, as measured by serum PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels. Such encouraging results should inspire larger, better studies...
...odds. University of California researchers aim to change that, with an interactive Web-based tool that they are calling the roulette wheel. This color-coded visual model uses a computer algorithm to help patients and their doctors assess the possible outcomes of different treatments. Take the prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) test for prostate cancer, for example. The wheel for PSA screening shows a typical patient the potential harm (incontinence, impotence, death) or benefit (no symptoms) that could result from treatment following a PSA test in which high levels of the antigen are found. Another wheel shows probable outcomes...