Word: antigenically
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...agree the earlier you catch a cancer, the better your chances of controlling it. And thanks to a growing understanding of the cancer cell's natural life cycle, doctors are learning how to detect the disease at its very earliest stages. One well-known example is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, which identifies a protein secreted by abnormally growing prostate cells before any symptoms appear. (The test is not perfect, however, since PSA is also secreted, albeit in smaller amounts, by benignly growing prostate cells...
...have to wait up to a week for results of tests to determine whether or not their tumor has returned. In June the FDA approved FastPack, an automated blood analyzer designed by Qualigen of Carlsbad, Calif., that measures in as little as 15 minutes the level of prostate-specific antigen found in a blood sample. The FDA concluded, however, that there weren't enough data to approve FastPack as a screening tool for the general population...
...those checks is the T cell's dependence on another cellular player: the antigen-presenting cell. The APC is an omnivorous creature whose job, among other things, is to gobble up microbial invaders. To initiate the immune response, the APC coughs up a molecule from the bug it has eaten, latches on to a helper T cell and "presents" it with a target molecule, instructing the T cell to prepare its troops for war. This activation is tightly controlled; it cannot occur without the lockstep interaction of several proteins on both cells--one of which is known...
...perhaps the most novel vaccine, drugmakers at Progenics Pharmaceuticals and Cytogen are using viruses to deliver "naked" DNA directly into the body to fight prostate cancer. Containing the genetic instructions for making a common tumor protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), the DNA triggers a wholesale immune attack on all cells containing the antigen. Having succeeded in animal studies, the vaccine will soon move into human trials...
...usually have to wait up to a week for blood tests to determine whether or not their tumor has returned. In June the FDA approved FastPack, an automated blood analyzer designed by Qualigen of Carlsbad, Calif., that measures in as little as 15 minutes the level of prostate-specific antigen found in a blood sample. The FDA concluded, however, that there weren't enough data to approve FastPack as a screening tool for the general population as well...