Word: antiprotons
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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That is not to say that the U.S. is second rate. The Tevatron, an accelerator at Fermilab, near Chicago, that smashes together protons and antiprotons, is still the most powerful collider in the world, and the proposed superconducting supercollider, planned for Texas, will be more powerful still. Proton-antiproton collisions entail more energy than electron- positron collisions and thus are more likely to generate previously undiscovered particles. But proton-antiproton impacts generate more subatomic debris, which makes it harder to study the properties of individual particles carefully. For what Amaldi calls "precision physics," Europe could soon...
Those traces have helped physicists to track down more and more members of the large and seemingly limitless bestiary of subatomic particles. Last year, for example, Rubbia shared a Nobel Prize for having discovered, using the CERN super proton-antiproton synchrotron accelerator (SPPS), the W and Z particles. His finding provided proof for a theory that united two of the fundamental forces, electromagnetism and the weak force...