Word: antitoxins
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...ingenuity last week in diphtheria prevention work. At the suggestion of its Diphtheria Prevention Commission (Morgan Partner Thomas William Lament, president), Health Commissioner Shirley W. Wynne borrowed a half-dozen trucks from the street cleaning department, cleaned them, placarded them with warnings against diphtheria, and advice to use toxin-antitoxins. Aboard each car he loaded a doctor, two nurses and a refrigerator full of toxin-antitoxin. Then these "healthmobiles" rolled forth among the city's millions like itinerant waffle carts. Spectacular, convenient, they "sold" the idea of preparing in July for winter's diphtheria, administered great numbers...
Later Dr. Theobald Smith, of the Rockefeller Institute, found that if a little diphtheria toxin were added to antitoxin the mixture would immunize animals against the disease. At once Dr. William Hallock Park, director of New York City's health department laboratories, and his associate, the late Dr. Abraham Zingher, began to immunize children with the toxin-antitoxin mixture. That mixture is what the "healthmobiles" were administering last week. Three to six months are necessary before immunity is established...
...George Frederick Dick and his wife Dr. Gladys Henry Dick of Chicago took a hemolytic streptococcus (blood-dissolving bacilli) from a lesion in the finger of an infected nurse and injected the germs into a 25-year-old woman. She developed scarlet fever. The Dicks developed a scarlet fever antitoxin. Last week's Germans, Professors Heinrich Finkelstein and Fritz Meyer of Berlin, claimed to have found the specific hemolytic streptococcus in the mucous membranes of the infected pharynx,* and from it developed a specific immunizing antitoxin...
...Chicago physicians proved that doctors have found little use for vaccines to cure disease, the open-minded American Medical Association hastened, last fortnight, to publish the facts. Vaccines immunize against specific infection. For several years doctors, further, have believed that diligent experiment would show them a vaccine, serum, or antitoxin * to cure any particular disease. Many an agent was tried, and many a disappointment ensued. In Chicago Dr. Ludvig Hektoen and Ernest E. Irons wondered at the extent to which U. S. physicians are now using vaccines to cure disease, as against preventing disease. Accordingly they sent questionnaires to specialists...
...Angeles (school and park site planning, highways ahead of needs); Milwaukee (city employment offices); Chicago (parked waterfront); Auburn, N. Y. (wiping out diphtheria by general toxin-antitoxin immunization); Detroit (best type school buildings); Gary. Ind. (work-study-play method of education); Dallas (adult education); Cleveland (adult education; education against venereal disease; teaching parents how to raise children); Washington (education against venereal disease); Boston (district health centres); St. Louis (plenty of hospital beds); San Francisco (prevention, treatment & instruction of hard of hearing); Winnetka, Ill. (progressive education...