Word: antitoxins
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...only antidote for botulism, and only moderately effective at best, is a Ledejle Laboratories antitoxin (made by injecting botulinus toxin into horses and extracting their immune serum). It costs about $68 a 20,000-unit vial, and each victim needs at least 50,000 units. Nearest supply was in Portland, Ore.: six vials. More was flown from Denver and Los Angeles. Still not enough. At its Pearl River (N.Y.) headquarters, Lederle drained the barrel, packaged nearly all the remaining antitoxin. Total haul: 139 vials, tagged at $9.591-which Lederle marked "paid," as a public service...
...wounds are to be suspected as sites of tetanus (lockjaw) infection. They must be thoroughly cleansed, and doctors should consider the need for antitoxin inoculation. In the past it was thought that these precautions should be applied only to puncture wounds, where the air cannot penetrate...
...Moscow Mills, Md., Malcolm astonished his family by shooting up to 6 ft. 3 in. in his early teens, earning the lifelong nickname "Weed," whizzed through the University of Maryland to a doctor's degree in bacteriology. After a stint as senior bacteriologist at Massachusetts' state antitoxin laboratory, he went to Cyanamid's Lederle Laboratories in 1934, three years later gave the company a major breakthrough by developing a fast, inexpensive way of growing anti-pneumonia serum in rabbits instead of horses. By the time he was 36, Malcolm was Lederle's research director. Since...
When Metropolitan started its public-service ads, more than 15,000 people were dying in the U.S. each year from diphtheria. The company soon hammered home the idea that these deaths were unnecessary, thanks to the Schick test and the proof (in 1923) of the value of toxin-antitoxin. Metropolitan officials have had the satisfaction of seeing diphtheria become so rare that they do not need to campaign against it any more. So, too, with typhoid...
Talk with Angels. In his early, field-service days, Dr. Dyer fought bubonic plague in Louisiana and Texas, pellagra in South Carolina, and World War I's influenza in Massachusetts. He standardized scarlet fever toxin and antitoxin, which took much of the panic out of a once-dreaded disease. Dr. Dyer doubts that his preparations are ever used nowadays, for antibiotics have almost finished the job he started...