Word: apartheid
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Mandela: This is something we would like to do. But at the same time we don't want to be assertive and remind Africa of the days of apartheid. We would like to do things on a basis of equality with other African states and consult them on what role we should play. Leave it to them to say, "Look, we want you to play this role on this particular issue." We have a problem in that we have to improve our image as projected during the days of apartheid. We have to be very, very careful not to create...
Mandela: Mr. De Klerk had the courage to come out openly and say, "Apartheid has failed. The best way is negotiations." We must compliment him for that. But in spite of the fact that he made this commendable contribution, it was a foregone conclusion that his party was going to disappear. After the next five years, I don't think anybody will ever hear of the National Party. He applied dirty-trick tactics in this campaign. Very dirty, racist tactics. Nevertheless we beat them. But Mr. De Klerk has made a contribution. Without him, we could not have made this...
...better-educated Tutsi rivals, the Hutu government increased ethnic tensions by creating a sense of tribal solidarity -- a useful distraction from the internal power struggles among northern and southern Hutu. All Rwandans were required to carry racial- identity cards; there was talk of herding Tutsi into certain regions, an apartheid imposed by blacks on fellow blacks. Any effort by Tutsi to reassert themselves met with a vicious and murderous response. "There was bludgeoning of public opinion," argues Philip Reyntjens, professor of law and politics at the University of Antwerp in Belgium. "Ethnicity does not necessarily have to give rise...
...black expectations" raises the specter of vastly increased taxes or even seizure of their comfortable homes and swimming pools. But for most blacks -- at least in the short term -- expectations begin at a far more basic level, with services that would be simply assumed in an industrialized country. But apartheid has left them with almost nothing: the great majority live in such desperate poverty, in dusty, refuse-strewn townships or gritty rural backwaters, that their dreams are of clean water, paved streets, garbage collection, sewers...
FAULT LINES. Once Mandela's Cabinet is announced, the unity government is likely to show significant lines of stress. It will probably include Communist Party chairman Joe Slovo -- an interesting prospect for white officials who long used the fear of communist encirclement to justify apartheid policies. No fewer than 16 of the top 50 names on the A.N.C. parliamentary election list are members of the Communist Party. While they have forsworn Stalinism, Slovo still argues that "only under socialism could you have a combination of political and economic democracy...