Word: apertura
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...things" are already well known. On page after page, he betrays his view of Rusk as a man who is almost always silent because he almost never has anything to say-and he suggests that Kennedy felt the same way. What did Rusk think of Italy's impending apertura a sinistra (opening to the left)? "He did not have, as far as I could find out, any views," writes Schlesinger. Of Berlin? "No one quite knew where he stood." Of the Congo? "Rusk, it seemed, thought about it as little as possible...
Complicated Failure. It was to avoid just such a result, and to "isolate" the Communists, that former Premier Amintore Fanfani created the apertura a sinistra, or opening to the left, in 1962. Fanfani reasoned that by forming a coalition government between his Christian Democrats and the left-wing Socialists of Pietro Nenni, he would 1) rob the Communists of their strongest allies, and 2) give himself room to press for domestic reforms without foot-dragging by conservative parties...
...complicated maneuver, and it failed. It was Nenni's Socialists who were isolated, not the Communists. At the first national elections after the apertura, in 1963, the Communists gained a formidable million votes. Then it was argued that the coalition experiment had not yet had time to prove itself. By now it has been given plenty of time-and has accomplished little or nothing. In the municipal elections, all the tides were supposed to be running against the Reds: Italy's longtime Red Boss Palmiro Togliatti was dead; Khrushchev was out; and for the first time since...
...another, there has been simple deadlock. One result: an economy in serious trouble. This might seem a domestic Italian matter, but it inevitably rubbed off on the U.S., for it was the State Department which from the start pressed the Christian Democrats to make their dubious plunge into the apertura a sinistra...
...shake the bitter Socialist Francophobes of Belgium and Italy. "The Belgian government can never accept this Spain," snapped Foreign Minister Paul-Henri Spaak, though he did not exclude bilateral trade agreements with Common Market nations. Italy's Ambassador Antonio Venturini made it plain that his government's apertura a sinistra (opening to the left) could never brook an apertura a Franco...