Word: apoe4
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...those who had no risk factors for Alzheimer's, those who had a family history of the disease but no genetic indicators of it themselves and those who had both family members with Alzheimer's as well as a version of a gene for a protein called apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) that has been linked to the condition. They slid all of the subjects into an fMRI machine, and while the volunteers were there, they saw names of both famous and not-so-famous people flashed in front of them. (See the Top 10 Medical Breakthroughs...
While doctors can now test for the presence of ApoE4, you have to have two copies of a particular form of the gene to be at real risk of Alzheimer's. If you do have them, your chances of developing the disease increase 10- to 20-fold. So far, the Alzheimer's Association does not recommend widespread screening for the gene, even among those with a family history of Alzheimer's, since most people who have the risky version of ApoE4 don't have the necessary gene copies. But looking more closely at people who have a family history...
...APOE4 may contribute to the development of more than 60% of all late-onset Alzheimer's cases. But that leaves the other 40% unaccounted for. And at this moment, many scientists, including Roses, are racing to identify still other Alzheimer's-susceptibility genes. Rudolph Tanzi, a geneticist from Harvard, believes that he has nabbed a prime suspect on chromosome 12, a gene called A2M. But he has yet to convince his critics. Two years ago, when Tanzi presented his data at an Alzheimer's meeting in Amsterdam, his evidence was brutally attacked. "I wish I'd been wearing chain mail...
Selkoe is hoping that APOE4 and other as yet undiscovered susceptibility genes will produce clues that point to other potential compounds. For as he notes, Alzheimer's disease, no less than heart disease and diabetes, will almost certainly be found to have multiple causes. For example, the genes implicated so far in early-onset Alzheimer's all lead to an overproduction of beta amyloid. But the genes involved in the bulk of cases, Selkoe strongly suspects, are more likely to do with faulty clearance mechanisms that aren't doing a good enough job flushing out the plaques. A sink...
Scientists are struggling to identify environmental factors that may help protect those who carry susceptibility genes like APOE4. It's clear that these genes in and of themselves are not enough to cause Alzheimer's. Like aging itself, they are risk factors, which means that lifestyle choices may prove to be equally important. A number of researchers, for example, believe that elevated cholesterol may contribute not only to heart disease but to Alzheimer's disease as well. Researchers at New York University's Nathan Kline Institute put transgenic mice on high-fat diets, then observed an increase in the rate...