Word: apparatus
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...valid for the Politburo . . . They had been placed in posts of responsibility precisely for this purpose, precisely to face difficult situations." Then Nenni comes to the point: "The massacres disclosed by Khrushchev involve responsibilities that were not Stalin's alone, but of the whole directive apparatus. Terror, in conditions of time and place not justified by necessity, was the price paid for the suppression of all democratic life inside the party and the state." Like Khrushchev, Nenni feels that at the time of the 1917 Revolution terror was justified: "It is a fact that the October Revolution would...
...entirely secret. Long-range atom-bomb watching has become a favorite sport in Japan. When nuclear tests are impending, whether by the U.S. or the U.S.S.R., all sorts of instruments are checked and tuned for superfine sensitivity. This year a survey ship, the Shunkotsu Maru, carrying scientists and scientific apparatus, has been cruising near the danger area in the Pacific, and tuna boats have been gathering radioactive dust. Japanese scientists relish the fact that they are the only ones in the world who make observations and report them openly...
...years nuclear physicists have used neutrinos (small, uncharged particles) in their calculations. Neutrinos are necessary: without them many nuclear equations would not balance, and the massive branches of nuclear theory might fall to the ground. But no known apparatus has ever detected neutrinos. They were reasoned into existence by Nobel Prizewinners Enrico Fermi and Wolfgang Pauli to fill a theoretical need, and the gnawing suspicion has long persisted that they do not exist. Last week from the Atomic Energy Commission came big news. Neutrinos do exist...
Monstrous Assembly. Several years ago Drs. Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan Jr., physicists of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, armed themselves with AEC money and went hunting neutrinos. Their first attempts, with a monstrous assembly of special apparatus, were inconclusive (TIME, May 10, 1954). They thought they detected neutrinos streaming out of the AEC's great reactors at Hanford, Wash., but they were not sure. So they returned to Los Alamos and constructed an even more monstrous apparatus...
...Eyes. The Reines and Cowan apparatus for detecting neutrinos contains more than 1,000 gallons of liquids (water and hydrocarbons) that are rich in protons. The water contains dissolved cadmium to capture neutrons, and the hydrocarbons give scintillations of light when gamma rays pass through them. The scintillations are recorded by 330 photomultiplier tubes that watch the scintillating liquid like large, unblinking eyes...